

HIST 122

:
()
 :(1500-2002 )HIST 122

.


1- :.
2-.
3-.
4-.
5-.
6-.
7-.
8-.
9-.
8/24/2023 2


:
1-
.
2-
.
3-.
4-.
5-
.
8/24/2023 4
- .




.
.




.

.

.




 .
8/24/2023
- .
5


.

:
 + + =

.
.
8/24/2023
6- .
1
:



:

..
.
« »


:

(.)
.
8/24/2023
8- .

9

(1745)
8/24/2023
- .

8/24/2023 10
- .



:
( ).
( .)
 ...
8/24/2023
11- .


19
(
1868):
..
.

.

.
8/24/2023
12- .
2




16
2001.
8/24/2023 14
- .


(2018)
( )780
2
10 %
.
8,269

.

7,489

.
8/24/2023 15
(2018)
() 
780

2
897,4
2
- .



(

:)
51
..
33
.

.
780.03
2
(2018.)

.
(25.)
.
168/24/2023
- .

673.
().
.
 .


1514.
8/24/2023 17
- .


:
()..
().
.

 .
8/24/2023 18
- .

:
:
:
( :)616.42
2
80 %:
5016.
(66.73
2
.)
(21.95
2
.)
(20.63
2
.)
(1.30
2
.)
8/24/2023 19
- .

(:)
52.10
2
.
( )20 .
:
(38.75
2
)-181.5
.
(7.23
2
.)
(2.88
2
.)
(1.43
2
.)
(0.84
2
.)
*2018
(2018).
8/24/2023 20
- .

.

:
.
674
2
1976779.4
2
2016780.03
2
2018.
105
2
.
:
.
8/24/2023 21
- .




()

7,595 674 1976
7,528 741 2006
7,511 758 2008
7,507 762 2010
7,499 770 2012
7,495 774 2014
7,490 779 2016
7,489 780 2018
8/24/2023 22
(19762018)
 :

201020162018 .
- .

0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
19762006200820102012201420162018

(1976-2018)

2
8/24/2023 23
- .

620
640
660
680
700
720
740
760
780
800
1976199520002005201020162018

(1976-2018)

2
8/24/2023 24
- .

.
.
8/24/2023 25
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700

(1976-2018)
1976 2018

2
- .


%

(
)
(1976-
2018)
2018 2010 2005 2000 1995 1981 1976

7.0
40.5
616.42
600.92
591.24
590.35
578.00
575.92

266.0
48.64
66.73
45.13
31.99
31.38
17.90
18.09

122.0
12.11
21.95
15.21
14.52
14.49
11.40
9.84

6.6
4.80
74.93
71.05
74.10
74.54
74.70
70.13

15.6
106.05
780.03
735.80
711.85
707.27
666.21
673.98

26

(1976-2018)
8/24/2023
- .
3



:
25.53

26.33
(.)
50.33
50.83
(.)
.
:

.
.
8/24/2023 28
- .

:
.
:
.

.
8/24/2023 29
- .

8/24/2023 30

.

.


- .
:
(1500-20022009

:
25
.
.

.


.
8/24/2023 31
- .

8/24/2023 32
(


)














- .


:

:


.


.




.
8/24/2023 33
15
- .

:
..
.


.
 .
(:)
8/24/2023 34
- .

:
1116.
( )1718.
18.
:
18.

19.
8/24/2023 35
- .

8/24/2023 36
:
1617.
19
1946
.
.


(
.)
.




.
- .
4


8/24/2023 38
( )
(
 )..
.
.

.
- .

8/24/2023 39
- .
8/24/2023 40
- .


8/24/2023 41


.
:
..
..
( ).


.
- .

8/24/2023 42




 .
.

Inverted Relief.




(.)
- .
.
.
.
( )
.
( )20

:
.1.
.2.
.3.
8/24/2023 43

- .


()
(81 %)
(76 %.)
134
(
)
20
.

-.
8/24/2023 44
- .

:
1-:
.
.


10.
8/24/2023 45
- .

8/24/2023 46
2- ::
-:
.
3062
.
.
-:
.
.

(10-40
).
- .

3-:
28.
.
4-:
40-60

134
.
.
8/24/2023 47
- .

8/24/2023 48



 .
(1.5-2.5.)
.

.
.
- .

8/24/2023 49


.
7.62.75300 .
.
.
( )
.
- .

8/24/2023 50

()
1-:
1.19
2
.
2-(20.14
2
)(0.56
2
)(( )0.18
2
):
(
3.)
- .

:(
3-7.)
.
:(5-9)
.
8/24/2023 51
- .

8/24/2023 52









- .

52
2
.
1-:
()
.
(2-8 ).
..
.
.
8/24/2023 53
- .

.
1200100-150

5-10 .
2-:
7.23
2
.

.
8/24/2023 54
- .

8/24/2023 55
3- :
2.88
2
.
4-:
0.48
2
 .
5-:
3(0.06
2
)

.
6-(0.03
2
):
(3-4)
.
- .
5




8/24/2023 57
.

.
(-:)
40
48
.
.
70%.
.
- .


8/24/2023 58
- .


8/24/2023 59
- .


(-:)
1020.

90.%
.
74.
8/24/2023 60
- .


8/24/2023 61
- .


 :
():
.

.
():
:
..
.
8/24/2023 62
- .


:
16.
1920.
.
8/24/2023 63
- .